AI tools to detect Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is estimated to be the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. A development known as a polyp, which may initially be noncancerous (benign) or later turn cancerous, is how colorectal cancer typically manifests.

The everwidening uses of AI in healthcare industry are astonishing. AI can play a significant role in detecting colorectal cancer by assisting in various aspects of the screening and diagnosis process. A few very important examples are:

• In medical imaging, AI algorithms are capable of finding polyps, lesions, and cancers.
• Radiologists and pathologists can assess x-rays with the use of AI-powered CAD systems.
• Using patient data, AI models can evaluate the risk of colorectal cancer.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) can be used by AI systems to extract information from medical records and recognize colorectal cancer.

A very effective HyperCRC-NET module from HS Analysis GmbH can quickly identify both malignant and tumor cells that are on the verge of developing into cancer. Without appropriate data for analyses, detection alone is not sufficient. The HSA KIT software offers the chance to extract all the data into an excel sheet and present the results as reports, graphs, and figures.

The preview of HSA KIT above shows the following features:

• Module name on the top left and the image information
• A preview window at bottom left for navigation
• Tool panel on the right side consisting of annotation tools
• View, ROIs and AI tab on the right:
  • View tab shows all the images selected for the project
  • ROIs tab shows Base ROI and structures of interest
  • AI tab includes custom model imports and option to train a new model

HSA KIT

The HSA KIT software has an intuitive user interface and high-end professional annotation features to assure accuracy down to the last pixel. By standardizing processes, maintaining consistency, and promoting reproducibility, this can enhance the overall analysis process.

HyperCRC-Net Module in HSA KIT very efficiently categorises between different types of glands within the Base ROI (Region of Interest):

• Healthy glands- green
• Adinoma glands- yellow
• Carcinoma glands- red
• Other tissues (muscle, adipose or stroma)- blue

The HSA KIT includes professional, top-notch annotation capabilities and offers zooming in to the very last pixel in the image. Existing DL models can be trained on by the clients and optimized for their purposes. Additional annotations can be readily added to the fundamental structures that are already present, in order to boost the model’s detection precision. A high-quality deep learning model will be generated as a result of improved training, thanks to the ground truth data (GTDs) that are all recorded in the database from the beginning.

With a huge set of GTDs, a deep learning AI model is established which has the capability to objectively identify structures and ensure consistency and repeatability; while avoiding subjective viewpoints or preconceptions that effect the analysis procedures.

After the model has been trained and the project has been completed, the HSA KIT software provides the information required to understand the results in a sheet format, including the name of the files, the number of objects (structures), the dimension of the analyzed areas in square meters within specific Base ROI (Region of Interest) area.

The results sheet contains, but not limited to the basic information about the structures. In addition to this information, other details like average area, perimeter, minimum and maximum diameter, average diameter etc. can be added based on the specifications of the module.

HE and Ki67 staining

In histopathology, H&E staining is regarded as a fundamental and standard procedure that provides useful information about tissue samples and aids in the diagnosis and comprehension of a wide range of illnesses and ailments.

Hematoxylin is a blue-purple dye that only stains the nucleus of cells. It turns the cell nucleus a dark blue or purple color after attaching to DNA and other acidic components there.

Eosin staining: Eosin is a pink or red dye that stains the cytoplasm and extracellular elements of tissues. It produces a pink or red tint when it attaches to fundamental components like collagen fibers and cytoplasmic proteins.

Whereas, an immunohistochemical staining method called „Ki-67 staining“ is used to identify and quantify the expression of the Ki-67 protein in cells. During different stages of the cell cycle, actively dividing cells express the nuclear protein ki-67, which is linked to cell proliferation. In many different scientific and clinical settings, Ki-67 staining is frequently employed. This is especially true in cancer research, where it is used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation, ascertain the growth fraction of tumors, and help predict prognosis or treatment response.

Ki-67 antigen, which is expressed during the active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, and mitosis), is detected and mapped out by staining. A faster proliferation rate and enhanced cell division in the tumor are both indicated by elevated Ki-67 expression.

When analyzing histopathological slides, the HSA KIT offers a one-stop solution for detecting colorectal cancer using several stains. Large datasets of annotated histopathology images are used to train the HyperCRC-Net module on patterns and feature specific to colorectal cancer.

Pertinent data from the slides, such as cellular morphology, architectural patterns, and Ki-67 expression patterns is collected, to produce precise predictions or classifications. The detection, segmentation, classification, and grading of colorectal cancer are based on histological characteristics, Ki-67 expression, and proliferation indices. Additionally, they offer prognostic data on patient outcomes and therapy options.

Advanced Heatmap tool

HyperCRC-Net was created with the intention of not only detecting colorectal carcinoma but also measuring the size, extent, and perineural invasion of tumors or malignant glands, all of which are clinically significant traits. The use of this approach in a pathology lab for routine clinical use would be extremely beneficial to pathologists. HSA KIT also provides a heatmap tool which gives slide level scores of specifically chosen endpoints. These heatmaps show the likelihoods or probabilities of the endpoints being present at each pixel on the slide.

The use of this technology by professionals to diagnose and treat cancer patients will completely changed the area of oncology. Future approaches for identifying and treating cancer should become progressively more precise and effective as technology develops.

The advanced Heatmap tool in HSA KIT can be used to understand the decisions of already trained Deep Learning Models. Once a DL model is trained and let run on the files with Colorectal biopsies, carcinoma areas can easily be visualised. By activating xAI and heatmap icon, red region shows the pixels that are mostly important for the DL model to build the class Carcinoma. Blue region shows that DL model use these pixels for building the same class, but does not priories them. In that way it becomes easy to understand the decision of deep learning models during the training process as well as after training.

The underlying training data and training procedure, as well as the results from AI models, provide the finest understanding of an AI system. This knowledge needs the capacity to map a trained AI model to the actual dataset used to train it, as well as the ability to closely analyze that data. Paying close attention to the data used to train a model is one of the simplest methods to improve its explainability. Teams must establish where the data to train an algorithm will come from, whether the data contains bias, and what can be done to reduce that bias during the design process. xAI Tool in HSA KIT finds the target area containing signal in a certain location and it is a discriminative localization technique that can give visual explanations for any project without needing architectural modifications or training.

By activating the “Heatmap” icon in HSA KIT and selecting a structure, the results appears for that structure in visual way.

The images below shows the heatmap of Colorectal carcinoma. The warm colors (yellow and red) represent areas with higher intensity detected by the model and blue regions show low priority pixels for the respective class.

Custom Modules in HSA KIT

In a lab setting, the HSA KIT is the ultimate tool for developing and training custom deep learning models. With hundreds of scalable modules available, this kit is designed to meet long-term requirements and build flexible solutions that can adapt to changing needs over time. Whether you’re working on a complex project or a simple one, the HSA KIT has everything you need to get started.

From data preprocessing to model building and evaluation, all the necessary tools for successful deep learning projects are included. With user-friendly interface and comprehensive documentation, even beginners can quickly learn how to use this powerful tool. So if you’re looking for an all-in-one solution for your deep learning needs, look no further than the HSA KIT. 

Moreover, through a client-centric approach, we leverage the information from iteraction to design, and deliver modules that perfectly align with clients‘ specific goals and objectives; ensuring maximum value and satisfaction.

Better workflow with HSA KIT

At HS Analysis, we take a comprehensive approach to slide analysis. We don’t just analyze the slides themselves, but we also integrate our solutions within the existing infrastructure. This includes connecting to LIS (Laboratory Information System) and naming the slides in a way that makes them easy to save, search, and use for medical purposes. Our goal is to provide a seamless experience for our clients, allowing them to access and utilize the data they need quickly and efficiently.

Traditional workflow of medical image analysis is rather cumbersome where the medical images obtained from CT Scans, MRIs or X-Rays is pre-processed and analysed by a radiologist who evaluates and interprets the images to prepare a very subjective report based on his own knowledge. This might be followed up with a quality assurance by another radiologist for second opinion.

On the other hand, AI based analyses using HSA KIT would provide:

• Standardised process with subjective/objective analysis
• Extraction of relevant features from raw data and create meaningful representations for training AI models
• Module selection and configuration without excessive coding
• Easy to learn software: Annotate , Train and Automate
• Quick and efficient analysis of multiple medical images which cuts down time for diagnosis or treament
• Automated report generation to boost productivity and help physicians or radiologists in evaluation process

The HSA KIT software is designed to seamlessly integrate into existing laboratory information systems (LIS), enabling seamless data exchange and interoperability. This integration streamlines the entire workflow, from sample collection to report generation, minimizing manual data entry and reducing the chances of transcription errors. Real-time data synchronization between the HSA KIT software and the LIS ensures that all relevant information is readily accessible, enabling a smooth and efficient diagnostic process.

Furthermore, with HSA Case Veiwer it becomes incredibly easy to store client files in a much more organized way. We provide a smart data management system with HSA KIT that makes structured data available for case-based workflows. Our system is a useful tool to streamline operations because it enables users to quickly organize and analyze data. Furthermore, the sophisticated features guarantee data security and privacy, providing users with comfort when handling sensitive information.

We understand the importance of having accurate and efficient slide analysis software. That’s why we offer a range of features to help you achieve your goals.

• Our software is compatible with both Linux and Windows operating systems, and it runs smoothly in Docker. With offline functionality, you can work on your slides without an internet connection, but if you need to extend to online use, that’s possible too.
• We also offer professional integration into your network infrastructure, so you can seamlessly incorporate our software into your existing systems.
• Our software is designed to work with other programs as well, ensuring that you have all the tools you need at your disposal.
• Even on weaker computers, our software delivers full performance, so you can analyze slides quickly and accurately.
• And with the ability to generate reports in CSV and Excel formats, you’ll have all the data you need at your fingertips.
• Finally, user profile management ensures that each user has their own history and preferences stored for easy access.

Over a short period of time, HS Analysis GmbH has partnered with numerous companies, hospitals and laboratories as clients which provide microscopic slides or data that needs to be analysed. The physical slides can be digitalised to whole slide images (WSI) with the help of HSA KIT software that can be integrated to commonly used microscopes, and data can be retrieved in the form of reports and atomated graphical representaions. This helps to eliminate the extensive process that is usually practiced by medical professionals.

AI based analyses can be way more efficient, however it can only act as a supportive tool to human expertise and never be a complete alternative. AI algorithms have the tendency to produce false positives and false negatives, and may have trouble adapting to a data that deviates from training dataset.

With our advanced technology and expert team of professionals, we are confident in our ability to deliver top-notch slide analysis services that meet the unique needs of each individual client. Whether you’re looking for a one-time analysis or ongoing support, we have the tools and expertise necessary to help you achieve your goals.

Digitalisation of slides

The HSA KIT is extremely versatile and pairs well with some of the best automatic slide scanners like the Leica GT 450. It was designed specifically to seamlessly integrate with such devices and enable quick and precise slide scanning. The HSA KIT also offers cutting-edge features like automated slide handling and adjustable scanning parameters, further enhancing its incorporation within digital pathology infrastructure. Users can use these features to personalize their scans and streamline the scanning process to suit their needs. Professionals in disciplines like pathology and research will find the HSA KIT to be an excellent choice because of its seamless integration with their pre-existing technology.

At the same time, HS Analysis provides an affordable alternative to other automatic scanners- HSA Scan M software. The slides can be manually digitalized directly on current microscope to create manual WSI (whole slide images). This allows for greater flexibility and control over the scanning process. Additionally, the HSA KIT can be used with a variety of microscope models, making it a versatile option for labs with multiple microscopes. The software is user-friendly and easy to navigate, allowing for efficient scanning and image processing.

With the ability to create manual WSI, labs can save money on expensive scanners while still producing high-quality digital images. Overall, the HSA KIT and HSA SCAN M software provide a cost-effective solution for labs looking to digitize their slides without sacrificing quality or control. Manual scanning converts a slide to a file with HSA SCAN M software so that it can be trained and then automatically detected by a trained AI model using HSA KIT software. Labs can easily manage their slide inventory and access digital versions of their slides from anywhere.

The software’s user-friendly interface allows for easy navigation and customization of scanning settings to meet specific needs. Additionally, the integration with HSA KIT software allows for advanced image analysis and interpretation, providing valuable insights for research and diagnosis. Overall, HSA SCAN M software offers a comprehensive solution for labs seeking to streamline their slide digitization process while maintaining quality control. 

To automatically scan the slides, the existing microscope can be upgraded to an automated microscope station (HSA SCAN A) for low-cost, high-quality performance in a short period of time.

HSA only requires the dimensions of the microscope and any specifications to include, and a custom-fit stand and motor for the microscope will be delivered. This solution eliminates the need for manual adjustments and ensures consistent results.

This will help in:

• Scanning accurately and quickly
• Keeping budget in check: Less expensive than automatic scanners
• Saving time: Automates tasks that require manual intervention
• Better workflow and quality results: reduced risk of errors or inconsistencies
• Intuitive, user friendly controls: Anyone with limited experience with microscopes can operate

For more information or placing an order, contact : sales@hs-analysis.com

Note: This website will be updated in future.